-
1 Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy
SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport, Mining and extraction technology, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 14 February 1793 Treator, near Padstow, Cornwall, Englandd. 28 February 1875 Reeds, near Bude, Cornwall, England[br]English pioneer of steam road transport.[br]Educated at Truro Grammar School, he then studied under Dr Avery at Wadebridge to become a doctor of medicine. He settled as a surgeon in Wadebridge, spending his leisure time in building an organ and in the study of chemistry and mechanical science. He married Elizabeth Symons in 1814, and in 1820 moved with his wife to London. He delivered a course of lectures at the Surrey Institution on the elements of chemical science, attended by, amongst others, the young Michael Faraday. While there, Gurney made his first invention, the oxyhydrogen blowpipe. For this he received the Gold Medal of the Society of Arts. He experimented with lime and magnesia for the production of an illuminant for lighthouses with some success. He invented a musical instrument of glasses played like a piano.In 1823 he started experiments related to steam and locomotion which necessitated taking a partner in to his medical practice, from which he resigned shortly after. His objective was to produce a steam-driven vehicle to run on common roads. His invention of the steam-jet of blast greatly improved the performance of the steam engine. In 1827 he took his steam carriage to Cyfarthfa at the request of Mr Crawshaw, and while there applied his steam-jet to the blast furnaces, greatly improving their performance in the manufacture of iron. Much of the success of George Stephenson's steam engine, the Rocket was due to Gurney's steam blast.In July 1829 Gurney made a historic trip with his road locomotive. This was from London to Bath and back, which was accomplished at a speed of 18 mph (29 km/h) and was made at the instigation of the Quartermaster-General of the Army. So successful was the carriage that Sir Charles Dance started to run a regular service with it between Gloucester and Cheltenham. This ran for three months without accident, until Parliament introduced prohibitive taxation on all self-propelled vehicles. A House of Commons committee proposed that these should be abolished as inhibiting progress, but this was not done. Sir Goldsworthy petitioned Parliament on the harm being done to him, but nothing was done and the coming of the railways put the matter beyond consideration. He devoted his time to finding other uses for the steam-jet: it was used for extinguishing fires in coal-mines, some of which had been burning for many years; he developed a stove for the production of gas from oil and other fatty substances, intended for lighthouses; he was responsible for the heating and the lighting of both the old and the new Houses of Parliament. His evidence after a colliery explosion resulted in an Act of Parliament requiring all mines to have two shafts. He was knighted in 1863, the same year that he suffered a stroke which incapacitated him. He retired to his house at Reeds, near Bude, where he was looked after by his daughter, Anna.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1863. Society of Arts Gold Medal.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy
-
2 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de -
3 Automotive engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMorris, William Richard -
4 Mining and extraction technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biographical history of technology > Mining and extraction technology
-
5 Steam and internal combustion engines
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Giffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesHamilton, Harold LeePorta, Giovanni Battista dellaBiographical history of technology > Steam and internal combustion engines
См. также в других словарях:
Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy — ▪ British inventor born Feb. 14, 1793, Treator, Cornwall, Eng. died Feb. 28, 1875, Reeds, Cornwall prolific English inventor who built technically successful steam carriages a half century before the advent of the gasoline powered… … Universalium
Goldsworthy Gurney — Sir Goldsworthy Gurney (* 14. Februar 1793 in Treator bei Padstow, Cornwall; † 28. Februar 1875 in Reeds bei Bude, Cornwall) war ein typischer britischer Hobby Wissenschaftler und Erfinder des Viktorianischen Zeitalters. Er betätigte sich als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Goldsworthy Gurney — Infobox Person name = Sir Goldsworthy Gurney caption = Goldsworthy Gurney in earlier life. birth date = 14 February 1793 birth place = Treator near Padstow, Cornwall, England death date = 1875 death place = other names = known for = occupation… … Wikipedia
Goldsworthy Gurney — Sir Goldsworthy Gurney Goldsworthy Gurney Naissance 14 février 1793 Treator près de Padstow, Cornouailles, Angleterre, (Angleterre) Nationalité … Wikipédia en Français
Gurney (surname) — The surname Gurney traces its lineage back to the Counts de Gourney, who arrived in Britain with William the Conqueror. Members of the extended Gurney family include:* Alex Gurney (born 1974) American professional auto racing driver and son of… … Wikipedia
Gurney — This name is of Norman locational origin from a place in Sein Maritime called Gournay ( en Brai). The name derives from the Gallo Roman personal Gordinus, plus the local suffix acum meaning a village or settlement. The surname from this source is … Surnames reference
gurney — A stretcher or cot with wheels used to transport patients. [Sir Goldsworthy G., British physician and inventor, 1793–1875] * * * gur·ney gər nē n, pl gurneys a wheeled cot or stretcher * * * gur·ney (gurґne) a wheeled cot used in hospitals … Medical dictionary
Henry Gurney — Infobox President honorific prefix = The Honourable name =Sir Henry Gurney honorific suffix = KCMG order =British High Commissioner in Malaya term start =1 October 1948 term end =6 October 1951 deputy = predecessor =Sir Edward Gent successor… … Wikipedia
automobile — automobilist /aw teuh meuh bee list, moh bi list/, n. /aw teuh meuh beel , aw teuh meuh beel , aw teuh moh beel, beuhl/, n. 1. a passenger vehicle designed for operation on ordinary roads and typically having four wheels and a gasoline or diesel… … Universalium
bus — bus1 /bus/, n., pl. buses, busses, v., bused or bussed, busing or bussing. n. 1. a large motor vehicle, having a long body, equipped with seats or benches for passengers, usually operating as part of a scheduled service; omnibus. 2. a similar… … Universalium
Dampfauto — Fardier von Nicholas Cugnot, 1769 Erster gewerblicher Dampfwagen, die London Steam Carriage von Richard Trevithick, 1797 … Deutsch Wikipedia